Diphtheria is fatal about 5% to 10% of the time. With treatment, most people with diphtheria survive these complications, but recovery is often slow. At that point, you might need mechanical assistance to breathe. If the diphtheria toxin damages the nerves that help control muscles used in breathing, these muscles may become paralyzed. Nerves to the arms and legs also may become inflamed, causing muscle weakness. Typical targets are nerves to the throat, where poor nerve conduction may cause difficulty swallowing. At its worst, myocarditis can lead to heart failure and sudden death. Heart damage from myocarditis may be slight or severe. For example, it can damage the heart muscle, causing such complications as inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis). The diphtheria toxin may spread through the bloodstream and damage other tissues in the body. ![]() At that site, the infection produces a tough, gray membrane made up of dead cells, bacteria and other substances. This toxin damages tissue in the immediate area of infection - usually, the nose and throat. ![]() Diphtheria-causing bacteria may produce a toxin.
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